Cooling tower operators are currently confronted with a variety of contemporary chemical treatment and chemical/physical control processes as vendors of chemicals and equipment attempt to fill the vacuum created by the regulatory restriction of chromate based programs from our industrial arsenal. A number of apparently conflicting claims currently exist regarding the cycles of concentration that can be effectively maintained in open recirculating cooling water systems using various alternative control/treatment schemes with and without pretreatment. Users have suffered poor results by following vendor recommendations. In this paper the author discusses many of the common control/treatment schemes and provides both a theoretical basis for each program and practical guidelines on their performance and imitations.
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